In order for a tool to be effective as a unit testing tool, two things need to be true of the tool:
- The tool has to be expressive when reading and writing the tests. In other words, the way the test are written should clearly express the purpose of the test.
- When tests fail, the failures should very clearly pinpoint the reason for the failure and should help the developer immediately know the cause of the failure
Now, how does Groovy measure up ?
One of the big advantages of using an integrated framework like Grails (when I say integrated, I mean a framework that give you out of the box the whole stack : Ajax, web layer / controller, service layer, persistence) is that it is extremely easy to start writing tests. You just write "grails create-test" on the command line, and you already have the shell for the test. Then, when you want to run the test, you can easily run the test by just running "grails test-app", and voilla, all your unit and integration tests are off and running.
So, on the first criteria, Groovy really shines. Expressing the intent of the test with Groovy or verifying a particular test condition is way much better than doing the same in plain on Java. Often, reading a test written in Groovy is so much easier to understand what the test writer had in mind, it takes way less code to write and maintain. All in all, Groovy rocks here.
Now, the second part, pinpointing the cause of the error, I can't say much beyond what the stacktrace below says. Here are a couple of questions on the stacktrace below:
1. Can you make out where exactly the test fails ?
2. If this was a stack trace out of an error, would you be able to make out where the error occured ?
3. Can you figure out what classes are collaborating in your test ?
I think the answer to all three questions is probably a "no", or "it's not easy". For me, this is quite a show stopper for moving all my tests to Groovy (which might have previously been in Java). One thing about plain Java is just that : it's plain and simple to follow along. You see a stacktrace, and you immediately know what, how, who went wrong. Now, I could certainly agree that if you take Java, weave in some aspects, or throw in some interceptors (as in the case of EJB), the stacktrace can easily resemble what's below.
P.S. One final thing about NFJS and the push to use Groovy everywhere : it really bugs me that all of smart people who spoke in favor of using Groovy as a testing tool, just kept quiet about things like this. It bugs me very much that when an alternative like this was suggested, I was just given the positive side of the story, and the negatives were not mentioned at all (and mind you, there were definitely questions like "When would you not use Groovy for testing?). So, there seem to be two disappointing options here : either the speakers had not really used Groovy for testing and were pushing without having done any testing in Groovy themselves, or even worse, knew about these warts but intentionally kept shtumm on it
Cannot cast object 'com.company.foobar.RandomClassToTest@194e3fe' with class 'com.company.foobar.RandomClassToTest' to class 'java.util.List'
org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.typehandling.GroovyCastException: Cannot cast object 'com.company.foobar.RandomClassToTest@194e3fe' with class 'com.company.foobar.RandomClassToTest' to class 'java.util.List'
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.typehandling.DefaultTypeTransformation.castToType(DefaultTypeTransformation.java:340)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ScriptBytecodeAdapter.castToType(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.java:628)
at config.foo.WorkflowConfigTests.transitionsWithStatus(WorkflowConfigTests.groovy:90)
at config.foo.WorkflowConfigTests.this$5$transitionsWithStatus(WorkflowConfigTests.groovy)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:226)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:899)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:946)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethodOnCurrentN(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.java:77)
at config.foo.WorkflowConfigTests.validateSingleTransition(WorkflowConfigTests.groovy:64)
at config.foo.WorkflowConfigTests.this$5$validateSingleTransition(WorkflowConfigTests.groovy)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:226)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:899)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:946)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:740)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:867)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:946)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethodOnCurrentN(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.java:77)
at config.foo.WorkflowConfigTests$_testExistingTransitionRules_closure1.doCall(WorkflowConfigTests.groovy:56)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:226)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:899)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:946)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:740)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:292)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:305)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.DefaultGroovyMethods.each(DefaultGroovyMethods.java:1041)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.DefaultGroovyMethods.each(DefaultGroovyMethods.java:1018)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.metaclass.ReflectionMetaMethod.invoke(ReflectionMetaMethod.java:51)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.metaclass.NewInstanceMetaMethod.invoke(NewInstanceMetaMethod.java:54)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:226)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:899)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:946)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:740)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper.invokePojoMethod(InvokerHelper.java:765)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper.invokeMethod(InvokerHelper.java:753)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethodN(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.java:167)
at config.foo.WorkflowConfigTests.testExistingTransitionRules(WorkflowConfigTests.groovy:55)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.support.GrailsTestSuite.runTest(GrailsTestSuite.java:72)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:226)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:899)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:946)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:740)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper.invokePojoMethod(InvokerHelper.java:765)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper.invokeMethod(InvokerHelper.java:753)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethodN(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.java:167)
at TestApp_groovy$_run_closure8_closure18_closure19_closure20.doCall(TestApp_groovy:222)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:226)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:899)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:946)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethodOnCurrentN(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.java:77)
at TestApp_groovy$_run_closure8_closure18_closure19_closure20.doCall(TestApp_groovy)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:226)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:899)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:946)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:740)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:292)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:287)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:226)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:899)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:946)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:740)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper.invokePogoMethod(InvokerHelper.java:777)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper.invokeMethod(InvokerHelper.java:757)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethodN(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.java:167)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeClosure(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.java:598)
at TestApp_groovy$_run_closure10_closure27_closure28.doCall(TestApp_groovy:353)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:226)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:899)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:946)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:740)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:292)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ConvertedClosure.invokeCustom(ConvertedClosure.java:48)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ConversionHandler.invoke(ConversionHandler.java:72)
at $Proxy20.doInTransaction(Unknown Source)
at org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate.execute(TransactionTemplate.java:128)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:226)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:899)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:946)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:740)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper.invokePojoMethod(InvokerHelper.java:765)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper.invokeMethod(InvokerHelper.java:753)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethodN(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.java:167)
at TestApp_groovy$_run_closure10_closure27.doCall(TestApp_groovy:365)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:226)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:899)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:946)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethodOnCurrentN(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.java:77)
at TestApp_groovy$_run_closure10_closure27.call(TestApp_groovy)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:226)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:899)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:946)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:740)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper.invokePogoMethod(InvokerHelper.java:777)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper.invokeMethod(InvokerHelper.java:757)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethodN(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.java:167)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeClosure(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.java:598)
at TestApp_groovy$_run_closure8_closure18_closure19.doCall(TestApp_groovy:220)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:226)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:899)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:946)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:740)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:292)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:305)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.DefaultGroovyMethods.withStream(DefaultGroovyMethods.java:8161)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.DefaultGroovyMethods.withOutputStream(DefaultGroovyMethods.java:7738)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.metaclass.ReflectionMetaMethod.invoke(ReflectionMetaMethod.java:51)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.metaclass.NewInstanceMetaMethod.invoke(NewInstanceMetaMethod.java:54)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:226)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:899)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:946)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:740)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper.invokePojoMethod(InvokerHelper.java:765)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper.invokeMethod(InvokerHelper.java:753)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethodN(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.java:167)
at TestApp_groovy$_run_closure8_closure18.doCall(TestApp_groovy:195)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:226)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:899)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:946)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:740)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:292)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:305)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.DefaultGroovyMethods.withStream(DefaultGroovyMethods.java:8161)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.DefaultGroovyMethods.withOutputStream(DefaultGroovyMethods.java:7738)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.metaclass.ReflectionMetaMethod.invoke(ReflectionMetaMethod.java:51)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.metaclass.NewInstanceMetaMethod.invoke(NewInstanceMetaMethod.java:54)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:226)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:899)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:946)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:740)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper.invokePojoMethod(InvokerHelper.java:765)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper.invokeMethod(InvokerHelper.java:753)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethodN(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.java:167)
at TestApp_groovy$_run_closure8.doCall(TestApp_groovy:194)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:226)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:899)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:946)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethodOnCurrentN(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.java:77)
at TestApp_groovy$_run_closure8.call(TestApp_groovy)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:226)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:899)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:946)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:740)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper.invokePogoMethod(InvokerHelper.java:777)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper.invokeMethod(InvokerHelper.java:757)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethodN(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.java:167)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeClosure(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.java:598)
at TestApp_groovy$_run_closure10.doCall(TestApp_groovy:338)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:226)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:899)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:946)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:740)
at groovy.lang.DelegatingMetaClass.invokeMethod(DelegatingMetaClass.java:142)
at org.codehaus.gant.GantMetaClass.invokeMethod(GantMetaClass.java:79)
at org.codehaus.gant.GantMetaClass.invokeMethod(GantMetaClass.java:94)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethodOnCurrentN(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.java:77)
at TestApp_groovy$_run_closure10.doCall(TestApp_groovy)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:226)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:899)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:946)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:740)
at groovy.lang.DelegatingMetaClass.invokeMethod(DelegatingMetaClass.java:142)
at org.codehaus.gant.GantMetaClass.invokeMethod(GantMetaClass.java:79)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:292)
at groovy.lang.Script.invokeMethod(Script.java:87)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethodOnGroovyObject(MetaClassImpl.java:934)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:881)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:946)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:740)
at groovy.lang.DelegatingMetaClass.invokeMethod(DelegatingMetaClass.java:142)
at org.codehaus.gant.GantMetaClass.invokeMethod(GantMetaClass.java:79)
at org.codehaus.gant.GantMetaClass.invokeMethod(GantMetaClass.java:94)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethodOnCurrentN(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.java:77)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethodOnCurrent0(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.java:109)
at TestApp_groovy$_run_closure3.doCall(TestApp_groovy:116)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:226)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:899)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:946)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:740)
at groovy.lang.DelegatingMetaClass.invokeMethod(DelegatingMetaClass.java:142)
at org.codehaus.gant.GantMetaClass.invokeMethod(GantMetaClass.java:79)
at org.codehaus.gant.GantMetaClass.invokeMethod(GantMetaClass.java:94)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethodOnCurrentN(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.java:77)
at TestApp_groovy$_run_closure3.doCall(TestApp_groovy)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:226)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:899)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:946)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:740)
at groovy.lang.DelegatingMetaClass.invokeMethod(DelegatingMetaClass.java:142)
at org.codehaus.gant.GantMetaClass.invokeMethod(GantMetaClass.java:79)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:292)
at groovy.lang.Script.invokeMethod(Script.java:87)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethodOnGroovyObject(MetaClassImpl.java:934)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:881)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:946)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:740)
at groovy.lang.DelegatingMetaClass.invokeMethod(DelegatingMetaClass.java:142)
at org.codehaus.gant.GantMetaClass.invokeMethod(GantMetaClass.java:79)
at org.codehaus.gant.GantMetaClass.invokeMethod(GantMetaClass.java:94)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethodOnCurrentN(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.java:77)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethodOnCurrent0(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.java:109)
at TestApp_groovy$_run_closure1.doCall(TestApp_groovy:62)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:226)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:899)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:946)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:740)
at groovy.lang.DelegatingMetaClass.invokeMethod(DelegatingMetaClass.java:142)
at org.codehaus.gant.GantMetaClass.invokeMethod(GantMetaClass.java:79)
at org.codehaus.gant.GantMetaClass.invokeMethod(GantMetaClass.java:94)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethodOnCurrentN(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.java:77)
at TestApp_groovy$_run_closure1.doCall(TestApp_groovy)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:226)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:899)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:946)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:740)
at groovy.lang.DelegatingMetaClass.invokeMethod(DelegatingMetaClass.java:142)
at org.codehaus.gant.GantMetaClass.invokeMethod(GantMetaClass.java:79)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:292)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:287)
at groovy.lang.Closure.run(Closure.java:368)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:226)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:899)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:946)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:740)
at groovy.lang.DelegatingMetaClass.invokeMethod(DelegatingMetaClass.java:142)
at org.codehaus.gant.GantMetaClass.invokeMethod(GantMetaClass.java:79)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper.invokePogoMethod(InvokerHelper.java:777)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper.invokeMethod(InvokerHelper.java:757)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethodN(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.java:167)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethod0(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.java:195)
at gant.Gant.dispatch(Gant.groovy:271)
at gant.Gant.this$2$dispatch(Gant.groovy)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:226)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:899)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:946)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:740)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:675)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:226)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:899)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:740)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper.invokePogoMethod(InvokerHelper.java:777)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper.invokeMethod(InvokerHelper.java:757)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethodN(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.java:167)
at gant.Gant.invokeMethod(Gant.groovy)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:226)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:899)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:946)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethodOnCurrentN(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.java:77)
at gant.Gant.processTargets(Gant.groovy:436)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:226)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:899)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:946)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethodOnCurrentN(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.java:77)
at gant.Gant.processArgs(Gant.groovy:372)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:226)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:899)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:946)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:740)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper.invokePogoMethod(InvokerHelper.java:777)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper.invokeMethod(InvokerHelper.java:757)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethodN(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.java:167)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.cli.GrailsScriptRunner.callPluginOrGrailsScript(GrailsScriptRunner.groovy:204)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:226)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeStaticMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1094)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeStaticMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:957)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper.invokeStaticMethod(InvokerHelper.java:800)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeStaticMethodN(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.java:212)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.cli.GrailsScriptRunner.main(GrailsScriptRunner.groovy:124)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.cli.support.GrailsStarter.rootLoader(GrailsStarter.java:140)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.cli.support.GrailsStarter.main(GrailsStarter.java:169)
